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Windows Untold Tricks

May.09, 2009 in Windows Untold Tricks Leave a Comment
DISK PARTITIONING

FDISK.EXE is a DOS based command line driven Microsoft
partitioning utility. Its purpose is to display boot, disk and partition
information, modify existing partitions, create new ones and/or delete the ones
you want on all installed fixed hard disk(s), but ONLY WITH COMPLETE DATA LOSS!

run one of these commands from any DOS prompt:

FDISK /?

or:

HELP FDISK

to display the FDISK.EXE help screen.

HIDDEN PARAMETERSHidden parameter are not documented by Microsoft and is find by users threw
experiments.

1) FDISK /FPRMT :

FDISK /FPRMT bypasses the FDISK startup screen, but enables interactive
FAT16/FAT32 support. This can be used to force FDISK to create FAT32 partitions
smaller than 512 MB, normally not possible by default.

2) FDISK /MBR :

FDISK /MBR recreates the boot sector of the first (bootable) hard disk
overwriting it with a fresh copy, by writing a new Master Boot Record (MBR)
based on existent disk structure, without altering the partition table
information.

Can be used to repair a damaged/corrupted MBR (i.e. by a virus).

FDISK /ACTOK skips disk integrity checking, thus speeding up the
partitioning process.

3) FDISK /ACTOK :

4) FDISK /PARTN :

FDISK /PARTN saves the partition information to a plain text file called
PARTSAV.FIL, which can be viewed afterwards using any text editor/viewer, like
EDIT.COM in DOS or Notepad in Windows.


Formatting Partitions

FORMAT.COM is an external MS-DOS command,
located by default in C:\Windows\Command

Hidden Parameter :

Hidden parameter are not documented by Microsoft and is find by users threw
experiments.

1) FORMAT /AUTOTEST :

FORMAT /AUTOTEST checks for the existing format of your disk, unless the /U
(UNCONDITIONAL) parameter is also used, and then proceeds with an UNATTENDED
DISK(ETTE) FORMAT:

DOES NOT prompt for a volume label!

DOES NOT prompt to format another disk(ette)!

NO delay: NO user intervention!

Ends WITHOUT pausing!

After completion, it DOES display disk space statistics.

2)FORMAT drive: /U :

FORMAT drive: /U performs an UNCONDITIONAL format, which DESTROYS every byte of
data on ANY hard disk/floppy by overwriting it with zeroes (hex F6h).
3) FORMAT drive: /SELECT /U :

FORMAT drive: /SELECT /U makes a disk(ette) UNREADABLE by filling the system
area (sector 0) with zeroes (hex F6h), due to using these two incompatible
options together. All other sectors are left intact.


95/98/NT SETUP SWITCHES

If you try to install Windows 95/98 from a DOS
prompt, SETUP allows several command line switches, also available to their
Windows GUI based counterpart.

Note that most switches are NOT case sensitive.

Run SETUP /?:

it will show the available parameters.


UNDOCUMENTED SETUP SWITCHES:

/IP Bypasses detection of undocumented plug and play
devices.

/IR Bypasses detection of system
CMOS/BIOS and does not update Master Boot Record (MBR).It is very helpful in
installing windows on the system on which LINUX is already installed

/IW Bypasses Microsoft EULA licensing
screens/dialog boxes.

/NTLDR Bypasses existing Operating
System detection.


WIN.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS

WIN.COM is the Windows GUI (Graphical User
Interface) command line executable,

located in C:\Windows (default)

Hidden Parameter :

Hidden parameter are not documented by Microsoft and is find by users threw
experiments.

1.) win/W [Windows 95 and above ONLY]

win/W generates this message:

“Press any key to continue…

Pressing a key reboots the system back to Windows 95 (98).”

waiting for user input (key press), and then restarts the computer (warm
reboot), restoring the original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files in the root
directory of the boot drive from CONFIG.WOS and AUTOEXEC.WOS (if any).

This is useful when the computer is restarted after interrupting a “single” mode
MS-DOS session, because of this CONFIG.SYS line:

DOS=SINGLE

which does NOT allow Windows 95/98 GUI to load. This switch works ONLY if
executed from the native/real/true MS-DOS mode OUTSIDE the Windows 95/98 GUI,
NOT from WITHIN Windows in a DOS box/session.

2.)win/Z [Windows 95B
OSR 2.1 and above ONLY]

win/Z automatically forces the ATX power supply to
(soft-)power off the

computer ONLY on ATX motherboards, without prompting or waiting for input (key

press).

This switch works ONLY if executed from the native/real/true MS-DOS mode

OUTSIDE the Windows GUI, NOT from WITHIN Windows in a DOS prompt/box/session.

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Windows Shortcuts

May.09, 2009 in Windows Secrets Leave a Comment
KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

    1.)  Windows Hotkeys

  • Ctrl + Escape or Win:
    Display start menu.
  • Shift + F10 or AppsKey:
    Display context menu.
  • Win + E: Open Windows
    Explorer.
  • Win + R: Open Run
    dialog.
  • Win + M: Minimize all
    windows.
  • Win + Shift + M: Undo
    minimize all windows.
  • Win + D: Toggle
    minimize all windows. or toggle desktop view, using Show_Desktop.scf, while
    MinimizeAllWindows doesn’t minimize dialog boxes (including Properties
    windows).’.
  • Windows Hotkeys:
    Activate system tray. Arrow keys select, Enter double-clicks, and AppsKey or
    Shift + F10 right-clicks.
  • Win + L (XP Only):
    Locks keyboard. Similar to Lock Workstation.
  • Win + F or F3: Open
    Find dialog. (All Files) F3 may not work in some applications which use F3
    for their own find dialogs.
  • Win + Control + F: Open
    Find dialog. (Computers)
  • Win + U: Open Utility
    Manager.
  • Win + F1: Open Windows
    help.
  • Win + Pause: Open
    System Properties dialog.
  • Win + Tab: Cycle
    through taskbar buttons. Enter clicks, AppsKey or Shift + F10 right-clicks.
  • Win + Shift + Tab:
    Cycle through taskbar buttons in reverse.
  • Alt + Tab: Display
    CoolSwitch. More commonly known as the AltTab dialog.
  • Alt + Shift + Tab:
    Display CoolSwitch; go in reverse.
  • Alt + Escape: Send
    active window to the bottom of the z-order.
  • Alt + Shift + Escape:
    Activate the window at the bottom of the z-order.
  • Alt + F4: Close active
    window; or, if all windows are closed, open shutdown dialog.
  • Shift while a CD is loading:
    Bypass AutoPlay.
  • Shift while login:
    Bypass startup folder. Only those applications will be ignored which are in
    the startup folder, not those started from the registry (Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\)
  • Ctrl + Alt + Delete or Ctrl +
    Alt + NumpadDel     (Both NumLock states): Invoke the Task Manager or
    NT Security dialog.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Escape (2000/XP )
    or (Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDot)     : Invoke the task manager. On earlier
    OSes, acts like Ctrl + Escape.
  • Printscreen: Copy
    screenshot of current screen to clipboard.
  • Alt + Printscreen: Copy
    screenshot of current active window to clipboard.
  • Ctrl + Alt + Down Arrow:
    Invert screen. Untested on OSes other than XP.
  • Ctrl + Alt + Up Arrow:
    Undo inversion.
  • Win + B : Move focus to
    systray icons.

    2.)  Generic

  • Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert:
    Copy.
  • Ctrl + X or Shift + Delete:
    Cut.
  • Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert:
    Paste/Move.
  • Ctrl + N: New… File,
    Tab, Entry, etc.
  • Ctrl + S: Save.
  • Ctrl + O: Open…
  • Ctrl + P: Print.
  • Ctrl + Z: Undo.
  • Ctrl + A: Select all.
  • Ctrl + F: Find…
  • Ctrl+W : to close the
    current window
  • Ctrl + F4: Close tab or
    child window.
  • F1: Open help.
  • F11: Toggle full screen
    mode.
  • Alt or F10: Activate
    menu bar.
  • Alt + Space: Display
    system menu. Same as clicking the icon on the titlebar.
  • Escape: Remove focus
    from current control/menu, or close dialog box.

3.)  Generic Navigation

  • Tab: Forward one item.
  • Shift + Tab: Backward
    one item.
  • Ctrl + Tab: Cycle
    through tabs/child windows.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Tab:
    Cycle backwards through tabs/child windows.
  • Enter: If a button’s
    selected, click it, otherwise, click default button.
  • Space: Toggle items
    such as radio buttons or checkboxes.
  • Alt + (Letter):
    Activate item corresponding to (Letter). (Letter) is the underlined letter
    on the item’s name.
  • Ctrl + Left: Move
    cursor to the beginning of previous word.
  • Ctrl + Right: Move
    cursor to the beginning of next word.
  • Ctrl + Up: Move cursor
    to beginning of previous paragraph. This and all subsequent Up/Down hotkeys
    in this section have only been known to work in RichEdit controls.
  • Ctrl + Down: Move
    cursor to beginning of next paragraph.
  • Shift + Left: Highlight
    one character to the left.
  • Shift + Right:
    Highlight one character to the right.
  • Shift + Up: Highlight
    from current cursor position, to one line up.
  • Shift + Down: Highlight
    from current cursor position, to one line down.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Left:
    Highlight to beginning of previous word.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Right:
    Highlight to beginning of next word.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Up:
    Highlight to beginning of previous paragraph.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Down:
    Highlight to beginning of next paragraph.
  • Home: Move cursor to
    top of a scrollable control.
  • End: Move cursor to
    bottom of a scrollable control.

4.)  Generic File Browser

  • Arrow Keys: Navigate.
  • Shift + Arrow Keys:
    Select multiple items.
  • Ctrl + Arrow Keys:
    Change focus without changing selection. “Focus” is the object that will run
    on Enter. Space toggles selection of the focused item.
  • (Letter): Select first
    found item that begins with (Letter).
  • BackSpace: Go up one
    level to the parent directory.
  • Alt + Left: Go back one
    folder.
  • Alt + Right: Go forward
    one folder.
  • Enter: Activate
    (Double-click) selected item(s).
  • Alt + Enter: View
    properties for selected item.
  • F2: Rename selected
    item(s).
  • Ctrl + NumpadPlus: In a
    Details view, resizes all columns to fit the longest item in each one.
  • Delete: Delete selected
    item(s).
  • Shift + Delete: Delete
    selected item(s); bypass Recycle Bin.
  • Ctrl while dragging item(s):
    Copy.
  • Ctrl + Shift while dragging
    item(s)    : Create shortcut(s).In tree pane, if any:
  • Left: Collapse the
    current selection if expanded, or select the parent folder.
  • Right: Expand the
    current selection if collapsed, or select the first subfolder.
  • NumpadAsterisk: Expand
    currently selected directory and all subdirectories. No undo.
  • NumpadPlus: Expand
    currently selected directory.
  • NumpadMinus: Collapse
    currently selected directory.

5.)  Accessibility

  • Right Shift for eight seconds:
    Toggle FilterKeys on and off. FilterKeys must be enabled.
  • Left Alt + Left Shift +
    PrintScreen    : Toggle High Contrast on and off. High Contrast must be
    enabled.
  • Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock:
    Toggle MouseKeys on and off. MouseKeys must be enabled.
  • NumLock for five seconds:
    Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys must be enabled.
  • Shift five times:
    Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be enabled.

6.)  Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed

  • Win + L: Log off
    Windows.
  • Win + P: Open Print
    Manager.
  • Win + C: Open control
    panel.
  • Win + V: Open
    clipboard.
  • Win + K: Open keyboard
    properties.
  • Win + I: Open mouse
    properties.
  • Win + A: Open
    Accessibility properties.
  • Win + Space: Displays
    the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys.
  • Win + S: Toggle
    CapsLock on and off.

7.)  Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

  • Ctrl + Alt + End: Open
    the NT Security dialog.
  • Alt + PageUp: Switch
    between programs.
  • Alt + PageDown: Switch
    between programs in reverse.
  • Alt + Insert: Cycle
    through the programs in most recently used order.
  • Alt + Home: Display
    start menu.
  • Ctrl + Alt + Break:
    Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen.
  • Alt + Delete: Display
    the Windows menu.
  • Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus:
    Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server
    clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen
    on a local computer.
  • Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus:
    Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server
    clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a
    local computer.

8.)  Mozilla Firefox Shortcuts

  • Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown:
    Cycle through tabs.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl +
    PageUp    : Cycle through tabs in reverse.
  • Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to
    tab corresponding to number.
  • Ctrl + N: New window.
  • Ctrl + T: New tab.
  • Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6:
    Switch focus to location bar.
  • Ctrl + Enter: Open
    location in new tab.
  • Shift + Enter: Open
    location in new window.
  • Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E:
    Switch focus to search bar.
  • Ctrl + O: Open a local
    file.
  • Ctrl + W: Close tab, or
    window if there’s only one tab open.
  • Ctrl + Shift + W: Close
    window.
  • Ctrl + S: Save page as
    a local file.
  • Ctrl + P: Print page.
  • Ctrl + F or F3: Open
    find toolbar.
  • Ctrl + G or F3: Find
    next…
  • Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3:
    Find previous…
  • Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I:
    Open Bookmarks sidebar.
  • Ctrl + H: Open History
    sidebar.
  • Escape: Stop loading
    page.
  • Ctrl + R or F5: Reload
    current page.
  • Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5:
    Reload current page; bypass cache.
  • Ctrl + U: View page
    source.
  • Ctrl + D: Bookmark
    current page.
  • Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl +
    Equals (+/=)    : Increase text size.
  • Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl +
    Minus    : Decrease text size.
  • Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0:
    Set text size to default.
  • Alt + Left or Backspace:
    Back.
  • Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace:
    Forward.
  • Alt + Home: Open home
    page.
  • Ctrl + M: Open new
    message in integrated mail client.
  • Ctrl + J: Open
    Downloads dialog.
  • F6: Switch to next
    frame. You must have selected something on the page already, e.g. by use of
    Tab.
  • Shift + F6: Switch to
    previous frame.
  • Apostrophe (’): Find
    link as you type.
  • Slash (/): Find text as
    you type.

9.)  GMail

Note: Must have “keyboard
shortcuts” on in settings.

  • C: Compose new message.
  • Shift + C: Open new
    window to compose new message.
  • Slash (/): Switch focus
    to search box.
  • K: Switch focus to the
    next most recent email. Enter or “O” opens focused email.
  • J: Switch focus to the
    next oldest email.
  • N: Switch focus to the
    next message in the “conversation.” Enter or “O” expands/collapses messages.
  • P: Switch focus to the
    previous message.
  • U: Takes you back to
    the inbox and checks for new mail.
  • Y: Various actions
    depending on current view:Has no effect in “Sent” and “All Mail” views.

    • Inbox: Archive email or message.
    • Starred: Unstar email or message.
    • Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to “Inbox.”
    • Trash: Move back to “Inbox.”
    • Any label: Remove the label.
  • X: “Check” an email.
    Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.
  • S: “Star” an email.
    Identical to the more familiar term, “flagging.”
  • R: Reply to the email.
  • A: Reply to all
    recipients of the email.
  • F: Forward an email.
  • Shift + R: Reply to the
    email in a new window.
  • Shift + A: Reply to all
    recipients of the email in a new window.
  • Shift + F: Forward an
    email in a new window.
  • Shift + 1 (!): Mark an
    email as spam and remove it from the inbox.
  • G then I: Switch to
    “Inbox” view.
  • G then S: Switch to
    “Starred” view.
  • G then A: Switch to
    “All Mail” view.
  • G then C: Switch to
    “Contacts” view.
  • G then S: Switch to
    “Drafts” view.

10.)  List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt

  • F1 / right arrow:
    Repeats the letters of the last command line, one by one.
  • F2: Displays a dialog
    asking user to “enter the char to copy up to” of the last command line
  • F3: Repeats the last
    command line
  • F4: Displays a dialog
    asking user to “enter the char to delete up to” of the last command line
  • F5: Goes back one
    command line
  • F6: Enters the
    traditional CTRL+Z (^z)
  • F7: Displays a menu
    with the command line history
  • F8: Cycles back through
    previous command lines (beginning with most recent)
  • F9: Displays a dialog
    asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line
    entered.
  • Alt+Enter: toggle
    fullScreen mode.
  • up/down: scroll
    thru/repeat previous entries
  • Esc: delete lineNote: The buffer allows a maximum of 50
    command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced
    in sequence.
Tags: ,

Website creation software and tools

May.09, 2009 in Web Design Leave a Comment

Tools to build a nice website

To create a website you will need different tools. The most basic pack you need would be a plain text editor like windows block note. But if plain on building something more attractive with your own logo, background, bars, buttons, etc…, you will also need an image editing software.

If you really want to impress your viewers, Photoshop from Adobe is what you need. There are a few others like photoshop, they all do the job. The down side of these softwares is that they are hard to understand at first. But once you read a little about how they work and everything, you will be doing fine. Who said website creation was a walk in the park anyway?!

Besides writing HTML code on a plain text editor, which would require you to know the language, there are software for website creation like Microsoft Frontpage, Adobe Dreamweaver and most host have a webpage editor supplied with your account. The main advantage of these software is that you don’t need to know how to write in HTML. It’s all point and click, drag and drop, menus with options on what you want to do. So for starters that’s a nice solution.

To upload your website to your host you will need a FTP software like BulletProof or CuteFTP, to name a few, which is way more efficient and secure then transfering files over the internet on your browser.

Tags:

Website creation software and tools

May.09, 2009 in Tools Leave a Comment

To create a website you will need different tools. The most basic pack you need would be a plain text editor like windows block note. But if plain on building something more attractive with your own logo, background, bars, buttons, etc…, you will also need an image editing software.

If you really want to impress your viewers, Photoshop from Adobe is what you need. There are a few others like photoshop, they all do the job. The down side of these softwares is that they are hard to understand at first. But once you read a little about how they work and everything, you will be doing fine. Who said website creation was a walk in the park anyway?!

Besides writing HTML code on a plain text editor, which would require you to know the language, there are software for website creation like Microsoft Frontpage, Adobe Dreamweaver and most host have a webpage editor supplied with your account. The main advantage of these software is that you don’t need to know how to write in HTML. It’s all point and click, drag and drop, menus with options on what you want to do. So for starters that’s a nice solution.

To upload your website to your host you will need a FTP software like BulletProof or CuteFTP, to name a few, which is way more efficient and secure then transfering files over the internet on your browser

Tags:

Tips & Tricks To Improve Windows Performanc

May.09, 2009 in Tips & Tricks To Improve Windows Performanc Leave a Comment


Tips & Tricks To Improve Windows Performance

1.)   Saving Memory and Increasing Speed

After you have set your cache setting to its optimum size as
mentioned above, you will find more free memory. With the following tips, you
can save even more memory.

  • Clear the startup programs: When
    you start up Windows, several programs start and get loaded on to memory.
    These take up precious memory. Ideally, you should remove them using the
    settings provided in the programs themselves. But, if you can’t, then use
    Startup
    Control Panel     to do that. This program after its installation will be
    found in the Control Panel.
  • RAM: A machine’s speed can be
    simply improved by adding more RAM rather than going for a CPU upgrade. Get
    some additional RAM and see the improvement. If you have adequate RAM, but
    memory supply seems to be bottlenecked, then use

    RamBooster    . It routinely frees some memory and can be custom adjusted
    for your needs. There are several such programs, but most of them make your
    system unstable. I had found no such problems with
    Rambooster    .
  • Watch the programs in memory:
    Using software such as
    TaskInfo
    to find out which are the programs that are running in memory and weed out
    those that you do not need.
  • Three-button salute: If you
    cannot get software such as Taskinfo, then just press Ctrl+Alt+Delete
    combination once to bring up the Close Program dialog
    box. Ideally, when you have all programs closed and your taskbar is empty,
    there should be just three programs in this box - explorer, system tray, and
    your antivirus program. All other programs should be a waste. Most common
    culprits are Microsoft office, RealPlayer, Winamp, antivirus scheduler, etc.
    Just remove all those that are not needed using Startup
    Control Panel     or using msconfig from the Run
    dialog box.
  • Increasing the performance of
    individual programs    : You can increase the speed of a program, by setting
    the priority of the program’s process thread to either High or Realtime. Use
    TaskInfo (in Win 9x/ME) or Task
    Manager     (in Windows 2000 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del). Do not go overboard
    on this or your system will look very unresponsive.
  • Active Desktop: Unless you run
    stock market price tickers on your desktop, deactivate
    Active Desktop     to save memory. If you have enabled Active Desktop just
    to enable a GIF or JPEG file as the background, then convert the file to a
    BMP file and set that as the wallpaper without Active Desktop.
  • Plain desktop: Remove the desktop
    background image and set it None. This will save some
    memory.
  • Screen resolution: Set your
    screen resolution to 15 bit or 16 bit for both speed and saving memory. Set
    a higher level only when playing games and other such special stuff that
    require better resolutions.
  • Clean the Desktop: Remove all
    unwanted icons from the desktop and shortcuts from the desktop and the quick
    launch bar. If you have shortcuts for CD drives, windows will check for
    their contents every time it loads up and cause a delay.
  • Remove sound events: If you
    remove the sound events, your operations will get faster and are less likely
    to hang. To do so, go to Control Panel » Sounds and
    Multimedia » Schemes     and then choose No Sounds.

2.)  Tips ∓ Tricks for Windows Explorer

  • Keyboard and mouse shortcuts:
    • Open any folder and press F3. This will bring up the
      Find Files dialog box for that folder.
    • Press Start+TAB key combination just once. Now,
      pressing TAB repeatedly will allow you to jump between various areas of
      the desktop, such as the desktop proper, taskbar, system tray,
      quicklaunch toolbar, and Start button.
    • When you drag a file with the right mouse button,
      you will be presented with an option to move or copy the file when you
      drop it elsewhere.
    • If you drag a file from some location and hover it
      over a folder that is minimized on the desktop without dropping it, then
      that folder will spring open allowing you to drop the file there.
    • If you drag a shortcut and place it over the Start
      button without dropping it, then the Start menu will spring open and you
      can navigate to your special program groups and drop it there.
    • Sometimes, when you have many programs open and you
      use the Alt+TAB combination to switch to another program, it does not
      switch. In this situation, press the Start button twice.
    • Press Alt+F4, to close a program. If no program is
      open, then it functions like a Shutdown command.
    • Pressing Alt+Enter after selecting an item will
      bring up its properties box.
    • Pressing Start+Pause will bring up the System
      Properties of your computer.
  • Adding extra options to the Send To
    menu    : Open the Windows\SendTo folder. Create
    shortcuts to the programs and folders that you commonly use. My suggestion
    is for shortcuts to Desktop, My Documents, IrfanView, Subhash VCDPlayer,
    Winamp, and Windows Media Player. When you use this operation on any file,
    the file will copied to the chosen location or opened in the respective
    program.
  • Adding extra options to context menu:
    Usually, a certain file type can be opened with many programs, but when you
    double-click on it only the default program opens it. To have a choice, add
    some extra custom options to the context menu.Supposing you have MP3 files in your machine, which by default opens with
    Windows Media Player, you can have options in the context menu so that it
    can be opened with other programs such as Subhash VCDPlayer, Winamp, etc.Say you want to have an option with Subhash VCDPlayer, here is what you need
    to do. Go to Folder Options. Click on
    File Types tab. From the list under
    Registered File Types, search for and select
    MP3 Format Sound. Now click on
    Advanced    . In the Edit File Type window, click on
    New. In the New Action window,
    enter Open with Subhash VCDPlayer in the text box
    under Action and
    “C:\Program Files\Subhash VCDPlayer” ”%1″     (including the quotation
    marks) in the Application used to perform action.

    Here, the ampersand symbol ‘∓’ is placed before the ‘S’ in Subhash
    VCDPlayer so that ’s’ becomes the hot key in the context menu. You can
    follow a similar procedure, to do the same with Winamp or Sonique. Use the
    Edit button to modify any previous setting you have
    created. Exercise caution with the choice of the program. If the program and
    the file type are incompatible, the result can be undesirable.

    In Windows 9x, go to Folder
    Options » File Types    . Here, select the file type that you need to add
    custom options. Now, click on Edit. In the
    Edit File Type window, click on
    New     and follow the above-mentioned procedure.

    Create different options for different file types with compatible programs
    using this method.

  • Resize columns: Press
    Ctrl+Plus to resize columns to best fit the contents.
    Do not use this trick in the Temporary Internet Files
    folder though. Super bad news if you frequent this folder to manually pick
    out files.
  • Folder Options: Customizing the
    Windows Explorer is done via the Folder Options. To
    access this,

    • In Windows Me/2000: From the
      menu, choose Tools » Folder Options.
    • In Windows 9x: From the menu,
      choose View » Folder Options

    To move between the different tabs, press the Ctrl+TAB
    key combination or just use the mouse.

  • Setting the default view: There
    are five types of views available

    • Large Icons
    • Small Icons
    • List
    • Details
    • Thumbnails

    Open any folder and choose the type of view that you want from the toolbar.
    If you were to choose the Details view, then adjust the column sizes now.
    Then, go to Folder Options. In the
    View     tab, click on the Like Current Folder.

  • Single-click operation: Normally,
    to select a file you single-click and to run you double-click. You can
    change this to hover for select and single-click to run. Go to
    Folder Options. Here, in the Click
    items as follows     section, check the Single-click to
    open an item     and Underline items only when I point at
    them    .In Windows 9x, go to Folder
    Options    , and choose Custom, based on settings you
    choose     and click on Settings. In the
    Click items as follows section, choose the
    above-mentioned setting.
  • Expanding and collapsing levels:
    On the folder pane, you can expand a level by pressing
    ASTERISK or *    . To collapse a level press MINUS or -.
  • Customized Links Toolbar: The
    Links toolbar has shortcuts to several Internet sites
    that you never have use for. You can replace them with shortcuts to folders
    or files in your hard disk or your own choice of Internet sites. To do this,
    go to the Windows\Favorites\Links folder. Here remove
    the shortcuts that Microsoft has provided and create some shortcuts to your
    own files and folders in your hard disk or network.
  • Open links in the same window: In
    the above tip, when you click on any link, the link opens in a new window.
    To open the link in the same window, right click on the link and select
    Open from the context menu.
  • Removing the Links toolbar: If
    you want to remove toolbar from showing up at all then, open a Windows
    Explorer window and from the menu, choose Views »
    Toolbars     and click on Links. This will remove the Links toolbar from you
    Explorer window. To get it back again, repeat the process and see that the
    Links option is checked again.
  • Favorites: You can use the
    Favorites instead of the Links toolbar. This is especially useful in a
    networked environment where you need to navigate between several nodes and
    folders to access any file. Go to the Windows\Favorites
    folder. Create a folder and give it a name of your choice. Cut all the
    MS-supplied shortcuts and paste them in this new folder. Now go to your
    Network Neighborhood and navigate to the folders that you often access and
    add them to your Favorites by choosing Add to Favorites
    from the Favorites menu. Now, to hop over to some distant folder in just a
    couple of clicks, you need to choose it from the Favorites menu.
  • Using Favorites in other programs:
    The above tip can come to good use not just in Explorer windows, but also in
    other programs such as Word or Excel. If you need to save a file in a
    location that you have added to the Favorites, locate the Favorites icon in
    the Save As dialog box, click on it, and choose the
    appropriate favorite to open the folder.
  • Customising the Toolbar: In
    Windows Me and Windows 2000, you can customise the toolbar with your own
    choice of buttons. For this, from the Windows Explorer menu, choose
    Views » Toolbars » Customize. Remove those buttons
    that you do not need and add those that you need.

3.)   Tips ∓ Tricks for Xteq X-Setup

Xteq X-Setup is a great tool to tweak your system. It has
different settings for Win 9x/Me/NT/2000. Instead of manually editing the
registry, one can tweak the registry using X-Setup as a frontend. Choose the
following settings.

  • To create a DOS box with current folder as its default
    directory, go to Appearance » Explorer » Context Menu »
    Context Menu Options     and check on Enable ‘DOS Prompt
    here’ command for directories    .
  • To hide certain drives, go to
    Appearance » Explorer » Options » Hide drives    . For settings on
    shortcuts, go to Appearance » Explorer » Shortcuts.
  • To set up your own customized OEM logo on the
    Device Manager, go to Appearance »
    OEM information    . Set the outer portions of the BMP file to the color of
    the 3D object (in your color scheme) before that.
  • To speed up your modem, choose the port in
    Hardware » Modem » COM Port Speed.
  • To prevent others from changing the screensaver or
    background, go to Appearance » Control Panel » Other
    Settings » Visible Pages in ‘Display’    .

4.)   Miscellaneous Tips ∓ Tricks

  • With faxing software, if you cannot locate the
    recommended initialization string for your particular modem, try fax class 1
    in combination with the generic initialization string:
    AT∓F∓C1∓D2∓K3S7=55     If this doesn’t work, try fax class 2 in
    combination with the generic initialization string:
    AT∓F∓C1∓D2∓K4S7=55
  • Windows 9x/Me might sometimes throw up error message
    that some system file has gone corrupt. You can restore things using System
    File Checker from Start » Programs » Accessories » System
    Tools » System Information » Tools    .
  • To show the correct speed with which your modem connects
    to the ISP, enter the initialization string ATW2
  • Of all antivirus programs,
    AVG
    Antivirus     is the best and the lightest. It is better than Norton or
    McAfee.
  • Run your antivirus program’s complete checkup every
    week. Also, defrag your hard disk every week. Use Disk Cleanup every now and
    then to clear your hard disk of junk files.
  • When Windows throws up a lot of errors and refuses to
    stop them even after a reinstall, a clean install of Windows is in order.
    This process can be done more safely and easily if your data files reside in
    a drive other than the one where Windows sits. This way you don’t have to do
    time-consuming backups. So, after the first time you install Windows, follow
    these steps.

    • Your My Documents would
      typically be in C:\My Documents or
      C:\Documents and Settings\user\My Documents. If
      you have a drive D, then right-click on your My
      Documents       and select Properties »
      Move. Here, select a folder in the D drive. Now,
      your My Documents will be moved to that folder.
    • Change the store folder of your Outlook Express
      email messages as mentioned above, to a folder in the other drive.
    • It also helps to backup email account settings too.
      Select Tools » Accounts »
      Mail. Select the email account and click on
      Export. This will create a file with the
      extension .iaf. Whenever you want to re-create
      the email account, click on the Import button and
      select this .iaf file.

    Most people format their Windows drive before doing a clean install. This is
    not necessary. If you have more than one OS, it will delete the boot files
    of the other OSes too. Just delete the Program Files
    folder and the Windows folder from MS-DOS or from
    another OS and go ahead with the install. After that is done, import your
    email messages from the folder you had created previously. Now, delete any
    files in that folder. Next, change the message store back to that folder.
    Also, change the My Documents back to the folder you
    had created earlier.

  • Use a download manager to manage your downloads.
    Second-generation download managers allow for the files to be downloaded in
    pieces simultaneously by more than one thread, and combine them together
    after download is over.
  • If you keep a lot of programs installed, your program
    menu can get very long. So, divide them into sections such as Multimedia,
    Internet, System Tools, Utilities, etc., by creating appropriately named
    folders inside the c:\windows\Start Menu\Programs
    folder and making appropriate choices during installation.
  • Quicklaunch Toolbar: Keep the
    Show Desktop icon in it. If you had deleted it for
    some reason, then do a search for *.scf in the drive and if you find the
    Show Desktop.scf file, copy it to the Quicklaunch
    folder. If you do not find it, then create a new folder. Open Notepad and
    type the following [Shell] Command=2 IconFile=explorer.exe,3 [Taskbar] Command=ToggleDesktopChoose Save as from the File
    menu. In the dialog box, change Save as type to
    All files. Give the filename as
    Show Desktop.scf    . Make sure you save it in the folder you had created
    just then. Now, right click the taskbar and choose
    Toolbar»New Toolbar    . Here choose the folder where you had put the
    Show Desktop.scf file.Keep shortcuts in your Quicklaunch bar for your drives. Create a shortcut
    with the target as c:\windows\rundll32.exe
    user.exe,exitwindows    . Clicking on this icon will shut down Windows in a
    snap. However, this command works for Windows 9x/Me only. For Windows
    NT/2000/XP, you need something more sophisticated. I suggest you download

    Wizmo     (Windows Gizmo - 37 KB). Create shortcuts to this small program
    using appropriate parameters for logoff, shutdown, restart, hibernate,
    reboot, and several other functions
Tags:

Tips & Tricks for Net Surfing

May.09, 2009 in Tips & Tricks for Net Surfing Leave a Comment


Tips & Tricks for Net Surfing

1.)   Tips & Tricks For Browsing

  • Use the Firefox browser :
  • Use Opera, if you are looking for speed and its tabbed
    interface. Use Internet Explorer, if you do a lot of offline browsing.
    Netscape 7, like Opera, allows tabbed browsing, ie., opening multiple web
    pages in a single window under different tabs. Besides, it has numerous
    add-ons such as Mail, AOL IM, Winamp, etc. The only thing that Netscape 7
    lacks is IE’s panache for offline browsing with the History side-pane. In
    Opera, settings can be changed by choosing Preference
    under the File menu. To get a tabbed interface for
    new windows, check Open windows inside Opera workspace
    under Windows. In the same place, select
    Open pop-up windows in the background under Browser
    Windows. To use the cache effectively, check Never
    under History and cache. Press F5 to manually refresh
    pages.
  • To save on the time spent online, start your browser
    along with Outlook Express. Open as many windows in the browser and enter
    the urls of the sites you need to visit. Do not click on
    Go     or press Enter. Now start your dialer. Once
    you are connected, ask OE to send and receive messages. As the messages are
    being received and sent, go the browser windows and click on the
    Go buttons. When OE finishes its job, disconnect.
  • Do not type your messages online. If you have an HotMAIL
    account, integrate it with OE. Type and read your messages offline. If you
    are using other accounts such as Yahoo, type them first in Notepad when you
    are offline. Then, when you go online, in the Compose section, cut and past
    the message.
  • You can send messages to machines running the Messenger
    service (Windows NT/2000/XP) by using the command net
    send <address> message     from the MS-DOS prompt. To send a message to
    yourself, type net send 127.0.0.1 hello.

2.)   Tips &mp; Tricks For Internet Explorer

Most people use Internet Explorer to browse the net. It
loads up fast because parts of it is loaded by Windows as the latter boots
up. Using the feedback from its huge user base, Microsoft has made numerous
improvements, which you can use to your advantage.

  • Disable the Links toolbar and save space. Remove the
    Explorer view for the same reason.
  • Customize the toolbar via View »
    Toolbars » Customize    .
  • Blank home page: Set your
    home page to a blank one so that it loads up faster. This is done via
    Tools » Internet Options » General » Use Blank.
  • Offline browsing:You do not
    have to connect to the Internet to revisit a page. You can access it
    from the cache. This is done via Tools » Internet
    Options » Temporary Internet Folders » Settings » Check newer versions
    of stored pages: » Never    . After setting up IE like this, you can
    browse offline by, click on the History button.
    This will open up the History folder in a left pane. Browse through this
    to access the pages that you have visited earlier. You check the latest
    version on the net however by clicking on the Refresh
    button.
  • Context Menu Extensions For IE:
    IE allows you to copy the address of a link with just two clicks. But to
    copy the address of an image on a webpage, you have make at least 5
    clicks. To make things like this more easier, you can create your own
    context menu extensions. For this, some new keys will have to be added
    to the registry. These keys will refer to Javascript or VBScript
    functions placed in some special HTML files. Extract the HTM files to
    C:\. Extract the cmes.reg and double click on it. The keys will be
    merged into the registry. Your IE context menu will have new options -
    “Copy All Hyperlink Address” (default), “Copy All Image Addresses”
    (default), “Copy Image Address” (on images), “Set Text Size To Medium”
    (on selected text) and “Copy HTML Code” (on selected text). You will
    have to make some modification to the cmes.reg file if you are not able
    to place files at C:\, a common scenario for people who are on a
    network.
  • Computer Security: Some
    websites have ads that tell you that your computer could be transmitting
    vital/private information about you, which could be targeted by hackers
    and viruses. They will tell you to download a security software.
    Considering the fact that they are using wrong tactics to sell their
    product, it is quite possible that their software could be doing more
    harm than good. No matter which software you use, it is not possible to
    completely hide your computer on the net. People who have always-on
    Internet connections like broadband or cable should instead use
    firewalls like the trusty ZoneAlarm or
    Tiny.

There are other websites that will ask visitors to
install ActiveX controls like Gator or
Bonzi. These are spyware and Internet users should
avoid them.

Neither should you install programs like MP3 Dancer.
These are spyware. Even if you uninstall them, they will still remain on
your computer without your knowledge.

  • Paranoia 1: IE’s autocomplete
    feature may throw up some web addresses at the address bar, which you
    may not want others to see. So, clear the history. This is done by
    Internet Options » Clear History. If otherwise
    you want to selectively remove history items, then delete the
    appropriate folders inside the History folder. In Windows 9x/Me, the
    History folder is inside the Windows folder. In Windows 2000/XP, it will
    be inside the Documents and Settings\«User
    name»\Local Settings\     folder.
  • Paranoia 2: Deleting the
    files in the Temporary Internet Files folder can
    remove only part of your tracks. Cookies stored by websites usually
    remain in this folder with their full web address. So, that is a
    security violation. To remove them, choose Internet
    Options » Temporary Internet Folder » Delete Cookies    .
  • Paranoia 3: All evidence is
    still not removed. There is a file inside the
    Temporary Internet Files     folder called index.dat, which has some
    evidence of your browsing history. Delete this file too. IE will
    regenerate another index.dat later.
  • Paranoia 4: When the
    Autocomplete feature is enabled, all your personal information including
    passwords are stored on the computer, which is available for others to
    misuse. So, when you are done with browsing at your office or an
    Internet cafe, follow the above three steps and clear the saved data by
    choosing Internet Options » Content » AutoComplete »
    Clear Forms     and Clear Passwords. Sometimes,
    the Internet Options menu option might be
    disabled in your office or web cafe. So, delete the
    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\IntelliForms
    key from the registry. If you want to steal or backup passwords, export
    this key and import it on a different machine or installation. You will
    also have to copy the {username}.pwl file and cookies to the new
    machine/installation. Sometimes, there are ActiveX programs that sit
    silently recording everything. You can check them out at
    Internet Options » Temporary Internet Files »
    Settings » View Objects    . This will open the
    Downloaded Program Files     folder in the windows folder. By
    right-clicking the contents, you can either remove them or check out
    their properties.
  • Paranoia 5: In certain
    Internet cafes, silent keyboard loggers are installed by certain people
    to collect userids and passwords, and send them to their email
    addresses. Remove these programs from memory and only then browse. Also
    disable form fillers such as Gator in Internet cafes.
  • Dialer: When you click on a
    link, IE starts the dialer program. If this is annoying to you, disable
    this via Internet Options » Connection » Never dial a
    connection    .
  • Saving on telephone bills:
    You can make optimum use of your online time by opening the links in new
    windows rather than the current one. Take for example your
    HotMAIL Inbox. Every time you go there, there are
    many messages there. Instead of just clicking on a message and waiting
    for that message to load, right click on the message’s link and choose
    Open in New Window. Go back to the Inbox and do
    the same for all other messages. By this time, your first message would
    have been downloaded. When you finish reading it, all the other messages
    would have been downloaded in their windows. Now, you can logout and
    disconnect the Internet connection.
  • Downloading recalcitrant files:
    Most people use a downloaded manager to download huge files. But,
    sometimes they run into problems when the download manager is not able
    to catch the correct url of the file. In such cases, open the source of
    the page via View » Source and do a search for
    the download file. Usually, the full url of the file will be found here.
    Copy this and paste it in the download manager. If some website prevents
    you from right-clicking to save an image on it, just look inside the
    Temporary Internet Files folder for it.
  • IE Toolbars &mp; Desktop Tickers:
    Add the

    Google Toolbar     to IE. With this toolbar, you will get to the results
    without having to visit Google’s home page first. You may also use

    Yahoo! Companion     instead. With Yahoo! Companion
    you will be able to harness the power of the Google
    search engine and also get easy access to other Yahoo! services.
  • If you have to keep in touch with the latest news,
    then get the

    Reuters Desktop Ticker    . Reuters is the world’s leading news provider
    and almost every newspaper and TV station in the world gets feeds from
    it. Once connected to the Net, headlines flash across the ticker and you
    can click on the headlines to see the news stories in a browser window.
  • ESCAPE: Many people do not
    know this. If a page is being downloaded and you want to stop it, then
    pressing the Escape key will do that. Also,
    pressing Backspace key will take you to the
    previous page.
  • Saving web pages: Beginning
    with Version 5, IE allows saving a web page in a single file including
    its images and other embedded content. To do this, choose
    Save As from the File
    menu. Here in the Save as type, choose
    Web Archive, single file (*.mht). Sometimes, MHT
    files may not show anything even though its thumbnail does show
    something. If you disable Javascript, you will be able to see the
    whatever something you saw in the thumbnail.

3.)  Tips &mp; Tricks For Outlook Express

Outlook Express is free and comes bundled with IE. You
can integrate your HotMAIL account with it.

  • Save some space by unchecking
    Contact, Outlook Bar, and View Bar     in the Window
    Layout Properties    . This is chosen by selecting
    Layout     from the View menu.
  • Implementing Spam Filters For POP
    Accounts    : Create two folders in your mail client -
    Filtered Inbox and Spam.
    Create the following four Message Rules in
    Outlook Express (Tools » Message Rules » Mail). Use your old messages as
    a guide while picking the words for your filters. Check the
    Spam folder once in a while for any
    false-positives. If you find any spam among the flagged messages in the
    Filtered Inbox, then update the filters in the third rule with new
    words.

Mail Rule #1: Mail From Known Contacts

Where the From line contains ‘friendname’ or ‘contact@emailaddress.com’

Move it to the Filtered Inbox folder

and Stop processing more rules

Mail Rule #2: Mail Not Addressed To Me

Where the To or CC line does not
contain ‘your@emailaddress.com’
Move it to the Spam folder

and Stop processing more rules

Mail Rule #3: Word filters on From, To, &mp; Subject lines

Where the From line contains ‘debt’ or ‘enlargement’ or
‘teens’ or ‘viagra’

or Where the Subject line
contains ‘debt’ or ‘enlargement’ or ‘teens’ or ‘viagra’

or Where the To line contains
‘debt’ or ‘enlargement’ or ‘teens’ or ‘viagra’

Move it to the Spam folder

and Stop processing more rules

Mail Rule #4: Suspect Mail

For all messages

Move it to the Filtered Inbox folder

and Flag it

and Stop processing more rules

  • Integrating HotMAIL: You can
    integrate your HotMAIL account with Outlook Express. Just go about as
    you would do with adding a POP account. After you enter your HotMAIL
    address, OE will automatically identify it as a HotMAIL account and
    pre-fill the E-mail Server Names details. Click
    Next enter the userid and password. When you are
    done, OE will ask if you want to download folders for that account.
    Here, choose Yes. After the folders have been
    downloaded, you can use it like you would use a POP mail account except
    that you will not be able to use the Message Rules
    (available under the Tools menu) on this account.
  • Handling Junk Mail &mp; Viruses
    In HotMAIL    : If you get a lot of junk mail, then through the HotMAIL
    website activate the bulk mail folder. Create appropriate mail filters
    to prevent junk from landing into your inbox. Despite this, you might
    get junk mail and sometimes viruses. To handle these annoyances, you
    have to configure OE to download only mail headers. Right click on
    Bulk Mail and Inbox
    folders, and follow this - Synchronization Settings »
    Headers Only    . Keep the Preview option off by clicking on its button
    on the toolbar. Some viruses get activated when Preview is on. Now,
    connect to the net and receive your mail. Then, read the from addresses
    and subject lines. Leave mails that appear to be viruses or spam alone.
    Mark the good ones by clicking under the column Mark
    for Offline    . After this, once more receive your mail. Now, the
    messages that you had marked alone will be downloaded in full. The
    viruses and junk would not have been downloaded. Sometimes, your
    well-meaning contacts might be sending you viruses unknown to them. So,
    instead of opening the attachments, save them to your desktop. If the
    attachments contain any viruses, your antivirus should kick in at this
    time. I am using AVG antivirus and it does a pretty good job of handling
    viruses.

Email Headers: Spammers
and viruses do a lot of spoofing when it comes to leaving traces. Check the
screenshot for the header of a virus-laden mail that I received. Both the to
and from address belong to me but the sender was actually jmcneill@stx.rr.com.
By reading the header, it becomes clear from which ISP this guy has been
using. In this case, RoadRunner.com or rr.com. By sending a mail to abuse@WhicheverISP.com,
you will be able alert the ISP provider of the nuisance. When contacting the
ISP, make sure you send them a plain text message along with the Internet
header of the offending email. Without the header, they will not be able to
take any action. To read the email headers, keep the Preview off. Right
click on the message and select Properties » Details.

Most viruses usually
attack the Address Book. The virus reads the addresses stored in the Address
Book and mails a copy of the virus to all the contacts, sometimes along with
a file found in your machine. Some viruses forge the to and from addresses.
So, it may not be always be right to yell at your friend for sending
viruses. It is best not to keep any contacts in the Address Book not just in
the interest of your contacts, but also in the interest of your own privacy.

People who send junk
mail or spam have large databases of email addresses. They are paid by
companies that sell something. All current measures against spam are devoted
against spammers rather than the spam sponsors. Spam
sponsors are at the root of this evil. Is there a way to stop this group of
low life? Read

Reverse Spamming or How To Fight Spam With Spam.

  • Archiving HotMAIL messages:
    When you import messages from a backup copy of the message store folder,
    your HotMAIL messages will not be imported. So, create two folders under
    Local Folders called Archived Inbox and Archived
    Outbox. Copy the messages from your HotMAIL folders to these folders
    appropriately. Before you reinstall Windows or something drastic as
    that, create a backup copy the store folder in some other location. The
    store folder’s location can be found by going to
    Options » Maintenance » Store Folder    . After you are done with your
    reinstall, ask OE or whichever mail client you are using to import the
    messages from this folder. Now, your HotMAIL messages will be imported.
  • Options: To change the
    various settings of OE, choose Options in the
    Tools menu. If you have a dial-up account, then
    under the General tab, uncheck all the check
    boxes. Under the Send tab, uncheck the
    Send messages immediately. Under the
    Compose tab, under Font
    Settings     choose the Verdana 9pt font or anything else that you might
    fancy. Under the Signatures tab, create different
    signatures for different accounts or one for all accounts. If you are in
    India, then setting the dictionary to English (United
    Kingdom)     in the Language section of the
    Spelling tab will prevent conflicts with American
    spelling.
  • Blind Carbon Copy (bcc): Not
    many people know the advantages of bcc. When an email is cc’d to
    different people, each one of them get to know the other ids. Many
    people would be annoyed if their ids are distributed around in a
    careless fashion. Also, many a time, people just cc all others when
    replying. So, when broadcasting a message leave the “To” and “cc” fields
    empty and instead fill up the “bcc” with the addresses. To send mails
    using the bcc option in Outlook Express, choose View
    » All headers     in the New Message window.
  • Use the Firefox browser :
Tags:

Registry Tips

May.09, 2009 in Registry Tips Leave a Comment

DEFINITION: The Windows
9x/NT/2000/ME/XP Registry is a complex, unified, system wide, continually
referenced during operation database, used for centrally storing, locating,
editing and administering system, hardware, software and user configuration
information, following a hierarchical structure.

It was introduced to replace the text/ASCII based MS -DOS
configuration (.BAT, .SYS) and MS Windows initialization (.INI) files.

Structure of Registry in windows 9X is Different from that of
Windows NT,2000 and XP.

Windows 95/98/ME :In these operating systems Registry is
stored in these 5 files, with the Hidden, Read-only attributes for
write-protection purposes, usually located in the %WinDir% folder (default is
C:\Windows) .

  • SYSTEM.DAT = stores persistent
    hardware and software settings related to the system it resides on,
    contained in the (HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT = Windows 95 and 98 only) and
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Hive keys.
  • USER.DAT = stores user specific
    and software settings contained in the HKEY_CURRENT_USER Hive key. If more
    than one user, then multiple user profiles enable each user to have their
    own separate USER.DAT file, located in %WinDir%\Profiles\%UserName%. When a
    user logs on, Windows OS (down)loads both USER.DAT files: the one from the
    local machine %WinDir% (global user settings), and the most recent one from
    the local machine %WinDir%\Profiles\%UserName%, or from the central (host)
    server if user profiles reside on a network (local user settings).
  • CLASSES.DAT = stores persistent
    data contained in the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT Hive key, found only on Windows ME.
  • SYSTEM.DA0 and USER.DA0 =
    automatically created backups of SYSTEM.DAT and USER.DAT from the last
    successful Windows GUI startup, and found only on Windows 95

Windows NT/2000/XP :Registration
Database is contained in these 5 files located in the
%SystemRoot%\System32\Config folder (default is C:\Winnt\System32\Config for
Windows NT/2000 or C:\Windows\System32\Config for Windows XP):

  • DEFAULT = stores the
    HKEY_USERS\.Default key.
  • SAM = stores the
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Sam key.
  • SECURITY = stores the
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Security key.
  • SOFTWARE = stores the
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software key.
  • SYSTEM = stores the
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System key and the HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Hive key,these files located in the %SystemRoot%\Profiles\%UserName% folder:
  • NTUSER.DAT and USRCLASS.DAT
    (Windows XP only) = store the HKEY_CURRENT_USER Hive key,


Editing Registry

Always make sure that you know what you are doing when
changing the registry or else just one little mistake can crash the whole
system. That’s why it’s always good to back it up!

To view the registry (or to back it up), you need to use the
Registry Editor tool. There are two versions of Registry Editor:

:To modify the Registry, you need to use a Registry Editor:

  • Regedit.exe (Windows
    95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP) = located in %WinBootDir% (%SystemRoot%) has the most
    menu items and more choices for the menu items. You can search for keys and
    subkeys in the registry.
  • Regedt32.exe (Windows NT/2000/XP)
    = located in %SystemRoot%\System32,enables you to search for strings,
    values, keys, and subkeys. This feature is useful if you want to find
    specific data.


Registry Structure

For ease of use, the Registry is divided into
five separate structures that represent the Registry database in its entirety.
These five groups are known as Keys, and are discussed below:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER

This registry key contains the configuration information for the user that is
currently logged in. The users folders, screen colors, and control panel
settings are stored here. This information is known as a User Profile.

HKEY_USERS

In windowsNT 3.5x, user profiles were stored locally (by default) in the
systemroot\system32\config directory. In NT4.0, they are stored in the
systemroot\profiles directory. User-Specific information is kept there, as well
as common, system wide user information.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

This key contains configuration information particular to the computer. This
information is stored in the systemroot\system32\config directory as persistent
operating system files, with the exception of the volatile hardware key.

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

The information stored here is used to open the correct application when a file
is opened by using Explorer and for Object Linking and Embedding. It is actually
a window that reflects information from the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software subkey.

HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

The information contained in this key is to configure settings such as the
software and device drivers to load or the display resolution to use. This key
has a software and system subkeys, which keep track of configuration
information.


REG Files

.REG file, which can be in:

  • plain text/ASCII format in
    Windows 95/98/ME and NT/2000/XP or
  • binary format in Windows 2000/XP.Text .REG files can be easily viewed/created/edited by hand using any
    text/ASCII editor, like Notepad

Their purpose is to add, modify or delete Registry (Sub)Keys
and/or Values.

Writing .Reg Files

1.) Header line: this FIRST line is mandatory. MUST
contain only these exact words (case sensitive = character capitalization
required!):

  • REGEDIT4 = for Windows 95/98/ME
    and NT 4.0 or
  • Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
    = for Windows 2000/XP.This is the only way Windows OS can recognize, validate and run a .REG file.

2.) Empty (blank) line: this
second line is optional. Similar to inserting a carriage return (CR).

3.) Remarked (comment) line(s): optional. MUST
begin with a semicolon (;) which may be followed by a space (optional). May be
inserted anywhere in the .REG file, but NOT before the header, which MUST be
present as FIRST line.

4.)(Sub)Key line: MUST be preceded and
terminated by square parenthesis ([]). (Sub)Key name MUST start with the Hive
Key name (left end) and MUST contain entire Subkey pathway leading to the
current Subkey name (right end). Consecutive (Sub)Key names MUST be separated by
SINGLE backslash marks (\).

(Sub)Key names not present in the Registry will be automatically created when
the REG file is merged into the Registry. Exception: new Hive (Root) Keys can be
created ONLY in Windows NT4/2000/XP, but NOT in Windows 95/98/ME.

5.)
Value line: MUST contain these elements in this
exact order:


  • Value name    :
    MUST be preceded and terminated by quotation marks (“”).

  • Equal mark (=)    :
    separates Value name from Value type.

  • Value type    :
    MUST be specified (Dword [REG_DWORD], Binary [REG_BINARY], etc) if Value
    type other than String [REG_SZ].

  • Colon mark (:)    :
    MUST exist if Value type other than String.

  • Value data    : MUST be in the same format as defined by Value type:
    text/ASCII, Unicode/ANSI, (alpha)numeric (decimal, hexadecimal or binary)
    etc. MUST be preceded and terminated by quotation marks (“”)
    ONLY IF Value type is String.Value Data syntax

    • String Value [REG_SZ] (API Code 1):
      “ValueName”=”ValueData”Value Data is expressed here in Unicode or ANSI formats: simple
      text/ASCII, expanded or extended.
    • Dword Value [REG_DWORD] (API Code 4):
      “ValueName”=ValueType:ValueDataValue Data is expressed here in Double WORD (4 bytes = 32 bits) formats:
      decimal, hexadecimal or binary.
    • Large Binary (hex) Value (any Binary Value API Code):
      “ValueName”=ValueType(API
      Code):ValueData,ValueData,\

      ValueData,ValueData

      Large Values can span onto more than one line. Each
      line (except the last one) is terminated by a comma (,)
      followed by a SINGLE backslash mark (\).
      Consecutive lines are separated by carriage returns (CR).

Separators and delimiters used in REG files on path name
lines to separate drive letters, directory (folder) names and file names, or
used on command line parameters lines etc… MUST be typed as DOUBLE backslash
marks (\\).


6.) Empty (blank) line:
this LAST line is mandatory for proper operation. Similar to inserting a
carriage return (CR) at the end of file.

This is how a generic text/ASCII .REG
file looks like:

—–Begin cut &mp; paste here—–

REGEDIT4

; Comment line:

[HKEY_KEY_NAME\SubkeyName1\SubKeyName2]

; String Value format:

“ValueName”=”ValueData”

; Dword or Binary Value format:

“ValueName”=ValueType:ValueData

——End cut &mp; paste here——

Example of actual .REG file:

—–Begin cut &mp; paste here—–

REGEDIT4

; First Value below displays MS Windows version:

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion]

; String Value format:

“Version”=”Windows ME”

; Dword Value format:

“CacheWriteDelay”=dword:00000320

; Binary Value format:

“OldWinVer”=hex:00

Tags:

MUMBAI’S SURPLUS LAND TO BE DEVELOPED BY BOMBAY DYEING SAYS WADIA

May.09, 2009 in Real Estate Leave a Comment

The Rs.1,000-crore textiles-to-real estate major, Bombay Dyeing, will develop eight lakh sq ft of property on its surplus land in Mumbai. The company will construct a high-rise building for commercial and residential use. “We will commence construction of a high-rise tower in two months. The entire project will be sold off in the next 24 months,” Chairman Nusli Wadia told shareholders at the company’s AGM.

Although it would be difficult to fix a value for the upcoming project, real estate market sources said the company could earn a few thousand crores. However, the value will depend on the state of the real estate market, which has shown signs of weakness of late.

Courtesy: - ET dtd: - 5th Sep 2008

Tags:

NOIDA-FEATURES MADE IT SPECIAL

May.09, 2009 in Property Leave a Comment

If you are out to search a dream home in the adjoining areas of Delhi, believably your look will stay on NOIDA. Inhabited right between Yamuna and Hindon rivers, while one part of this city joins NH-24, the beautiful Express Way passes through the other part of the same. During the forthcoming days, people could reach direct to the love symbol ‘Tajmahal’ via this Express Way. In all, this area will undergo a sea change after a period of three years.

After some time you will see the changed face of NOIDA. Here on one side you will see Entertainment City, National Botanical Garden, International Cricket ground and Film City, while on the other side one will see skyscraper 20 to 40 storeyed towers. Amongst all these things, NOIDA authority has offered to builders of international brand to construct a model house in NOIDA.

Otherwise also, NOIDA has become the first choice of bureaucrats, big dignatories of film and sports including corporate world. The facilities which are available in the field of education and medical in NOIDA, may perhaps not be available in other cities of NCR. Robust arrival of Metro Rail has increased the attraction of NOIDA several times more. In forthcoming days when the rehearsal and competition of cycling during Common Wealth games will happen in NOIDA, its image will also emerge on the world map.

Keeping all this features of NOIDA in mind, NOIDA authority has once again increased the land rate during their board meeting held on 1st May, 2008. Though the authority had increased these rates on 17th July 2007. The major reason of increase in rates with in ten months only is the increasing popularity of NOIDA. Residential property rates have been increased by 20% this time.

Looking to the possibilities of commercial properties in NOIDA, five categories have been made first time in commercial sector. On this point Parsvnath Group MD.Pradeep Jain says “The infrastructure of NOIDA is of high quality as compared to its other cities in NCR.Investment opportunities in real estate are unlimited here. In forthcoming days NOIDA will consist of IT Hub, Education Hub and also coming big projects on both sides of express way. Alongwith NOIDA, all these factors will further help to develop Greater NOIDA also”.?

ATS Group Director Anand agrees that authority has hurriedly increased the rates. Owing to MNCs based in Gurgaon, the big corporate families have started constructing their homes in Gurgaon. Had there been no increase in rates, then they were sure to come to NOIDA. This evolution was also started.

In fact, people like NOIDA due to availability of water and electricity. Their opinion is that NOIDA should now be freehold. They say, “If it happened so, a sea-change would be visible in the outlook of NOIDA”.

Tags:

GOA BEING LOOKED UPON BY NRIS AND LOCALS AS A SAFE INVESTMENT OPTION

May.09, 2009 in Office Space In India Leave a Comment

If you’re looking at investing in property or buying a second home, then Goa may still be your best option. Nature is doing for Goa, what IT did for Bangalore and Hyderabad - send land prices soaring!

This tiny coastal state, known to be the best remedy for one to distress, detox and recoup, has in recent years attracted a lot of investment for holiday homes by non-resident Goans (NRGs), NRIs and domestic buyers, mainly from north India. While the coastal belt with a good ’sea view’ is always in demand; people are also scouting for inner lands overlooking hills, rivers or valleys with proximity to the city.

Also, while land prices in the rest of the country are expected to fall due to a hike in home loan rates, it’s the opposite in Goa.

Courtesy: - ET dtd: - 5th Sep 2008

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